A soil is completely saturated with water when all the pores in the soil are filled with water. Due to gravity, part of the water seeps into deeper soil layers. This vertically moving water is also known as leachate and ultimately becomes groundwater. Soil moisture or the water bound to the surface by surface tension and capillary forces is not groundwater and is therefore also referred to as retained water. The soil moisture is divided into five moisture classes (wet, moist, fresh, dry, arid). Important factors that determine the absorption capacity or the storage capacity of water in the layers near the surface are the pore size and the density of the soil, since they define the water retention capacity.
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